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Table of Contents
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A

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ABAC
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Attribute-based access control. Attribute-based access control defines an access control paradigm whereby access rights are granted to users through the use of policies which combine attributes together. The policies can use any type of attributes (user attributes, resource attributes, object, environment attributes etc.). Source: Wikipedia

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ACL
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\"Access Control List\" (ACL). An access control list (ACL), with respect to a computer file system, is a list of permissions attached to an object. An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects. Source: Wikipedia

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Action Handler
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Action handlers are external service points the engine utilizes to get\nthings done it can’t do it itself. Hence the engine (usually being the\n\"server\") now becomes the client and sends out request to a suitable\nAction Handler.

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Apache Cassandra
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Apache Cassandra is an open source distributed database management\nsystem designed to handle large amounts of data across many commodity\nservers, providing high availability with no single point of failure.\nCassandra offers robust support for clusters spanning multiple\ndatacenters, with asynchronous masterless replication allowing low\nlatency operations for all clients. Source:\nWikipedia

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Application (Node)
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An 'Application Node' within the MARS Model is describing the end user\nperspective towards IT. Typically an Application consists of a number of\nresources / Resource Nodes.

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B

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Bootstrap
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Setting up an basic environment, e. g. using a boot loader.

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C

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Cassandra
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see Apache Cassandra.

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CI
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\"Configuration Item\". Configuration information within the MARS Model. See also CMDB.

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CLI
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\"Command Line Interface\". Command line interface that enables the direct\ninput of commands.

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CMDB
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\"Configuration Management Database\". Contains the information supplied by\nthe customer about construction and composition of the defined IT\nenvironment as per the MARS model.

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D

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DBMS
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Database Management System

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Dependency Map
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Model showing dependencies between different Configuration\nItems/Services, aka MARS-Model.

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Dependency Model
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see MARS Model

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E

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EC2
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Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a central part of Amazon.com’s\ncloud computing platform, Amazon Web Services (AWS). EC2 allows users to\nrent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications.\nSource:\nWikipedia

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Event
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An event is an action or occurrence detected by the program that may be\nhandled by the program. Source:\nWikipedia

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F

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G

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Graph
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\"A graph is a representation of a set of objects where some pairs of\nobjects are connect by links.\" Source:\nWikipedia

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GraphIT
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See HIRO Graph.

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H

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HA
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High Availability

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High Availability
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Concept that provides systems available 99% (or more) of the time.

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HIRO CLI
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HIRO Command Line Interface Tools. A set of tools to simplify the most common graph operations for Knowledge Items, MARS Nodes and Issues.

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HIRO Engine
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Issue processing and logic core

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HIRO Graph
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HIRO Graph is a distributed graph storage holding data defined in OGIT. It\nis also the underlying storage engine for the HIRO.

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I

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IAM
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Identity and Access Management.

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Information situation
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The information situation is part of an Issue and consists of all\ninformation available for decision taking. It is extend and/or updated\nby Knowledge Items until the conclusion of the Issue task. The choice of\nKnowledge Item that will be applied next to an Issue is based on the\ninformation situation.

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Issue
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An Issue is a task which, in a formalized manner, is handed over to the\nengine via an interface. The engine then attempts to resolve Issues with the\nhelp of Knowledge Items. Technically speaking, an Issue is a\ndata container, collecting information from various sources.

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Issue Condition
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The \"Issue Condition\" (IC) is the state the data is in. The Issue\nCondition defines which state triggers the Knowledge Item(s) associated\nwith this particular IC.

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J

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JDBC
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\"Java Database Connectivity\", an API which defines how a Java client can\naccess a database

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JSON
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\"JavaScript Object Notation\" (JSON) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999.

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JDK
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Java(tm) Development Kit

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JNDI
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The \"Java Naming and Directory Interface\" (JNDI) is a Java API for a directory service that allows Java software clients to discover and look up data and objects via a name.

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JRE
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Java(tm) Runtime Environment

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K

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Kafka
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\"Kafka is a distributed, partitioned, replicated commit log service. It\nprovides the functionality of a messaging system, but with a unique\ndesign.\" from Kafka\nintroduction

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KI-Editor
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The KI Editor is the central maintenance tool for Knowledge Items.

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KI
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see Knowledge Item

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Knowledge Item
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A \"Knowledge Item\" (KI) is a piece of knowledge data which is used to\nresolve Issues. A Knowledge Item determines the necessity of its\nexecution by checking the state of presented information. In case the\ninformation points to a problem that can be solved by the Knowledge Item\nit further gathers information to determine how to proceed or executes\ncommands to directly address the presented Issue.

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Knowledge Pool
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The Knowledge Pool is the sum of all Knowledge Items used by the engine.

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L

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M

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Machine (Node)
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An Machine Node within the MARS Model is usually describing the\nphysical infrastructure component (hardware), that is capable of\nrunning one to many software components.

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Machine Learning Service (MLS)
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A machine learning service is a service that uses\nstatistical techniques to give computer systems the ability to \"learn\"\n(e.g., progressively improve performance on a specific task) from data, without being explicitly programmed.

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MARS-Model
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The MARS Model describes and categorizes IT objects within a system and\nrepresents the relationships between them.

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N

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Node
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A node in general is an object with a Graph structure. The engine builds a\ngraph structure out of the MARS Model description, so any object\ncontained in a MARS model is represented by a node in the Autopilot\ndatabase.

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Node Type
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Within the HIRO Graph database there are four basic types of nodes:\nMachine, Software, Resource and Application.

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O

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OAuth
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OAuth is an open standard to authorization. OAuth provides client\napplications a secure delegated access to server resources on behalf\nof a resource owner. Source:\nWikipedia

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OGIT
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The \"Open Graph of IT\" aims to build a semantic representation of all IT\nand its interaction with business processes and people, also known as\nthe \"Facebook of IT\". The OGIT ontology project targets to provide a\ncommon language by defining an ontology for the Graph of IT. Find more\ninformation at OGIT Repository.

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P

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PBAC
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Policy based access control. See [ABAC]

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PDP
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Policy Decision Point. See [ABAC] and [XACML]

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Q

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R

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RBAC
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\"Role-based-access-control\" (RBAC) is a policy neutral access control mechanism defined around roles and privileges. The components of RBAC such as role-permissions, user-role and role-role relationships make it simple to perform user assignments. Source: Wikipedia

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RDBMS
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\"Relational Database Management System\", a database management system\nbased on the relational model

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Regex
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Regular Expression

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REST
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\"Representational State Transfer\" (REST) is a software architecture style\nconsisting of guidelines and best practices for creating scalable web\nservices. REST is a coordinated set of constraints applied to the design\nof components in a distributed hypermedia system that can lead to a more\nperformant and maintainable architecture. Source:\nWikipedia

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Resource (Node)

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RPM
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\"RPM Package Manager\" (RPM) (originally Red Hat Package Manager; now a\nrecursive initialism) is a package management system. Source:\nWikipedia

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S

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SDF
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Arago \"Standard Data Format\". A proprietary but open data format developed by\nArago for exchange between ITSM systems and HIRO Connect.

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Software (Node)

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SSO
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Single Sign-On

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T

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Time Series
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A time series is a sequence of data points, measured typically at\nsuccessive points in time spaced at uniform time intervals.

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TTL
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Time To Live

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Token
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A token can either be a session identifier or a substitute for\nauthorization credentials, depending on the context of the application.\nIt serves to identify users or applications. For more information please\nrefer to\nTokenization or\nSession ID

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U

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V

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W

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WKA
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The \"Well-Known Addresses\" (WKA) scheme is a mechanism that allows cluster members\nto discover and join a cluster using unicast instead of multicast.\nWKA is enabled by specifying a small subset of cluster nodes (referred to\nas WKA nodes) that are able to start a cluster. The WKA node starts the\ncluster and the other nodes join it through this WKA node.\nIf the WKA node is down, the cluster breaks, and the nodes will not be able\nto communicate with each other.

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The system should have at least two well-known address (WKA) members in order\nto work correctly and to recover if a single WKA member fails.

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WSO2
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This typically refers to the WSO2IS component.

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WSO2IS/WSO2 IS
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The WSO2 Identity Server is an open source identity & entitlement\nmanagement server having support for Information Cards, OpenID and\nXACML. Source: Wikipedia.

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X

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XML
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\"Extensible Markup Language\" (XML) is a markup language that defines a\nset of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both\nhuman-readable and machine-readable. It is defined in the XML 1.0\nSpecification produced by the W3C, and several other related\nspecifications, all free open standards.\"\" Source:\nWikipedia

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XMLNS
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XML name space

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XSD
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\"XML Schema Definition\". A schema is a collection of metadata, that\ndescribes and validates data in an XML environment.

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Y

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YAML
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\"YAML is a human-readable data serialization format that takes concepts\nfrom programming languages such as C, Perl, and Python, and ideas from\nXML and the data format of electronic mail\" Source:\nWikipedia

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Z

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Zookeeper
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The Apache Zookeeper Tool is used in HA setups to maintain configuration\ninformation for distributed services.

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